Overall IVT Solutions Based on Raw Materials

T7 RNA polymerase, as the most important raw material in IVT translation, plays a decisive role in mRNA quality. Hanhai New Enzyme is a five major technology platform based on enzyme gene resource mining, enzyme directed evolution, enzyme artificial intelligence design, enzyme large-scale manufacturing, and application technology research and development of enzyme catalytic systems. It can provide a complete set of materials for mRNA synthesis, as well as multiple T7 RNA polymerization mutants. Based on in-depth research on different templates, mutants, and IVT systems, it has screened and established its own IVT Buffer library to meet various production needs and application scenarios of customers.

mRNA detection service

Quality control, as the most important part of drug development, is of paramount importance in the analysis of drug components, impurities, and other factors during the drug development process. Hanhai New Enzyme provides mRNA drug quality inspection services

Quality inspection items
Quality inspection method
Concentration
Nanodrop method
Concentration
Nanodrop method
ELISA
integrity
CE
SEC-HPLC
dsRNA
ELISA
DNA template residue
qPCR
Cap rate
LC-MS
Tail added distribution
LC-MS
Product related impurities - polymer quantification
SEC-HPLC
Case 1: Assisting clients in developing IVT systems based on T7 RNA polymerase mutant (HBP000330) and buffer library
/Improve production and purity/
IVT optimization case
After optimization
Case 2: Assisting clients in developing IVT systems based on T7 RNA polymerase low dsRNA mutant (HBP000340) and high temperature tolerant mutant (HBP000350)
/Reduce side reactions and decrease the content of dsRNA in the final product/
System
Integrity
Production 
Label dsRNA content
Original system
77.70%
146.4μg/20μLReaction system
2.35%
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 1
87.40%
214μg/20μLReaction system
1.02%
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 2
85.90%
225.1μg/20μLReaction system
0.16%
Customer system
Optimize the system
Case 3: Assisting clients in developing IVT systems based on T7 RNA polymerase mutant (HBP000330) and buffer library
/Production of extremely short fragments below 300nt/
System
Integrity
Production
Customer system
No clear main strip
76μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 1
91.10%
197.64μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 2
89.60%
212.7μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 3
88.70%
210.39μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 4
92.60%
212.54μg/20μLReaction system
Customer system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 1
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 2
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 3
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 4
Case 4: Assisting clients in developing IVT systems based on T7 RNA polymerase mutant (HBP000330) and buffer library
/Produce ultra long fragments and improve purity/
System
Integrity
Production
Customer system
88.67%
222μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 1
90.24%
228.5μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 2
91.82%
231.4μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 3
91.63%
233.3μg/20μLReaction system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 4
89.04%
215.7μg/20μLReaction system
Customer system
Hanhai optimizes IVT system 2

Processing channel: PDA260.0 nanometers (PDA200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))


Processing channel
Retention time (minutes)
Area
%Area
Peak height
1
PDA 200.0 nanometers (PDA 200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))
5.440
4060130
88.67
31420
2
PDA 200.0 nanometers (PDA 200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))
6.133
318002
5.68
15482
3
PDA 200.0 nanometers (PDA 200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))
10.787
316960
5.66
28881


Processing channel: PDA260.0 nanometers (PDA200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))


Processing channel
Retention time (minutes)
Area
%Area
Peak height
1
PDA 200.0 nanometers (PDA 200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))
5.423
4725664
91.82
380268
2
PDA 200.0 nanometers (PDA 200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))
6.133
181471
3.53
8910
3
PDA 200.0 nanometers (PDA 200.0 to 400.0 nanometers (at 1.2 nanometers))
10.744
239565
4.65
20556


Sample name VAZYME; Sample bottle 27; Injection 1; Channel W2996; Collection date: November 28, 2022 20:23:35 CST
Sample name B; Sample bottle 30; Injection 1; Channel W2996; Collection date: November 28, 2022 21:41:18 CST
Case 5: Based on the T7 RNA polymerase mutant (HBP000330) and buffer library, we assist clients in developing an IVT system for low-temperature IVT to improve the integrity of ultra long RNA fragments
/Low temperature IVT synthesis of ultra long mRNA/

Temperature

Enzyme

Enzyme quantity

mRNA 1(9016nt)

mRNA 2(8497nt)

mRNA 3(10255nt)

Production(μg)

Integrity

Production(μg)

Integrity

Production(μg)

Integrity

32℃

M6

50U

63.35

76.16%

74.95

75.08%

92.7

69.55%

70U

85.8

70.67%

106.7

74.20%

108.6

70.91%

100U

108.55

72.87%

130.8

73.22%

122

63.12%

37℃

M6

70U

200.15

68.34%

219.85

71.02%

213.05

60.97%


mRNA1(9016nt)
mRNA2(8497nt)
mRNA3(10255nt)
The purification design of downstream processes generally includes the following four unit operations, which can be implemented to remove enzyme reactants, residual DNA, and unwanted high molecular weight (HMW) substances.

Taking 4000nt mRNA as an example, the purification process related data are as follows:

Step

Cycle No.
Load
Elution

CE (%)

SEC_HPLC

(H/M/L)(%)

Res.Protein

(ug/mg)

Yield(%)

CE(%)

SEC_HPLC

(H/M/L)(%)

Res.Protein (ug/mg)

dsRNA

(ug/mg)

HCD

(ug/mg)

Res.DNAtemplate

(ug/mg)

Endotoxin

(EU/mg)

TFF 1

Cycle 1

76

-
-
100
78.8

ND/97.3/2.8

8.5
0.69
ND

2.07×10-15

<9.4

AC

Cycle 1

71.5

ND/97.9/2.1

6.3
92.1
82.5

3.7/95.1/1.2

0.2
0.60
ND

1.04×10-15

<17.5

Cycle 2
76.7

ND/96.9/3.1

6.3
94.0
83.0
0.8/98.0/1.2
0.2
0.94
ND

9.36×10-16

<17.2

TFF 2

Cycle 1

82.8
3.6/95.4/0.9
0.2
99.6
82.5

ND/99.6/0.4

/
0.68
/
/

<6.8

Purification Process Development
General purification process and function of downstream technology for Hanhai new enzyme mRNA
1. UF/DF filtration
2. Capture mRNA
3. UF/DF concentration and liquid exchange
4. Sterilization filtration

General purification process and function of downstream technology for Hanhai new enzyme mRNA

·Step 1 UF/DF filtration: Concentrate the IVT reaction product to the target volume and replace it with buffer solution through washing filtration, reducing RNA polymerase, DNA template NTPs、 Impurities such as cap enzymes, reagents, inhibitors, etc.

·Step 2: Capture mRNA: Use oligo dT filler to capture mRNA containing PolyA tail and remove impurities such as free nucleotides, short chain transcripts, enzymes, and other IVT reaction components.

·Step 3 UF/DF concentration and liquid exchange: Use UF/DF for concentration and liquid exchange to replace the target product into the final formulation buffer.

·Step 4: Sterilization filtration: Perform 0.22 µ m membrane sterilization filtration.

Finally, these purified mRNA drug substrates can be encapsulated into LNP for the next step.

Purification process development and data display

In the field of mRNA, in addition to designing optimized mRNA sequences and developing efficient and safe delivery vectors, developing simple, fast, large-scale, and economically efficient mRNA preparation processes is also one of the most important innovations in mRNA technology. In the production process of mRNA, purification after IVT is crucial for the safety and efficacy of the final mRNA product, as the content of impurities can affect the translation efficiency of mRNA and alter immunogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to remove impurities, including residual substrates dsRNA、 Abnormal mRNA, DNA templates, protease residues, etc. Common purification methods include ultrafiltration, chromatography, precipitation, etc.

At present, Hanhai New Enzyme can provide the following mRNA downstream purification schemes:
Linearized pDNA
IVT
Dnase I Digestion
TFF 1
AC/MMC
Polishing Step
TFF 2
Final Filtration And Dispense
Drug Substance
Proteinase K Digestion
Two-stage TFF

mRNA purification quality inspection items

Quality inspection items
Quality inspection method  
Concentration
Nanodrop
ELISA
Integrity
CE
SEC-HPLC
DNA template residue
qPCR
Cap rate
LC-MS
Tail added distribution
LC-MS
Total protein residueNanoorange
Product related impurities - NTP residue
SEC-HPLC
Product related impurities - polymer quantification
SEC-HPLC
Product related impurities - residual T7RNA polymerase content
ELISA
EndotoxinTAL
At present, the main process steps of Hanhai's new enzyme mRNA preparation include mRNA encapsulation/loading, dilution TFF、 Sterilization filtration, etc.
RUN
Test
Load
UFDF pool filter
1
Entrapment efficiency(%)
97.66
94.84
Particle size(nm)
67.37
71.51
PDI
0.09
0.12
2
Entrapment efficiency(%)
95.69
95.00
Particle size(nm)
66.90
73.94
PDI
0.13
0.16
LNP Process Development Services
LNP process development services
1. Encapsulation/loading of mRNA
2. Dilution
3.TFF
4. Sterilization filtration
LNP Encapsulation
Dilution
TFF
0.22um Filtration

The foundation of the packaging/loading process is the design and development of the delivery system. A well-designed delivery system is necessary to prevent mRNA molecules from being degraded by RNAses after entering the human body, effectively deliver them to the target site, cross the cell membrane, and release them inside the cell. Hanhai adopts the current mainstream lipid nanoparticle delivery system.

The key to the preparation of mRNA LNP encapsulation lies not only in the formulation of lipid components, but also in the control of the process, that is, how to control the contact and interaction between mRNA and lipid components to form stable, uniform, and high-yield mRNA LNP complexes. Hanhai also adopts the current mainstream microfluidic mixing technology. Due to the solubility of mRNA in slightly acidic aqueous phase and liposomes in ethanol, the mRNA solution and liposome solution are mixed under high pressure to form two opposing jets. Intense turbulence ensures thorough mixing of all components, while the ethanol phase is diluted and the pH of the solution changes. Liposomes precipitate to form lipid nanoparticles and form encapsulated complexes with mRNA.

After mRNA encapsulation, purify and remove unencapsulated/loaded mRNA, free polymers or lipid materials, and adjust the final complex concentration, replace solvent buffer system, adjust pH value, etc. Through tangential flow filtration technology, mRNA LNP can be fully intercepted, while impurities can be washed and replaced with solvents. At the same time, Hanhai has established a series of mRNA LNP quality control release standards to strictly control the optimization results of LNP encapsulation and purification processes.

Delivery of firefly luciferase mRNA LNP into mice showed that mRNA LNP efficiently targets the liver and spleen in vivo.
LNP1
LNP2
LNP1
LNP2
Data display

mRNA LNP quality inspection items

Quality inspection items
Quality inspection method
Entrapment efficiency 
Ribogreen
Preparation RNA concentration
PDI/particle size
DLS
Zeta potentials
Doppler electrophoresis
Molecular molar ratio of multivalent RNA molecules
ddPCR+qPCR
RNA sequence confirmation
Sanger sequencing/RT-PCR
Determination of lipid content
ELSD-HPLC
RNA integrity
CE/HPLC
Endotoxin
Recombinant factor C/horseshoe crab reagent
Protein expression validation
WB/FACS/IF/ELISA
Taking 4000nt mRNA as an example, after encapsulation and dilution by 20 times, tangential flow filtration was performed using a hollow fiber column. The process data shown in the following figure is for reference
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