Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA discovered in 1961,which involved in protein synthesis, that is capable of transmitting genetic information from DNA and translated to proteins.Natural mRNA is produced in eukaryotic cells by the transcription of DNA in the nucleus by RNA polymerase. The mRNA molecules are transported out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they serve as templates for translation by the ribosomes to produce proteins. In this way the information stored in the genome is used to express specific proteins.

mRNA can be produced by in vitro transcription (IVT) using DNA plasmids.The template plasmids had to contain specific  required elements for IVT and mRNA.The plasmid is enzymatically linearized and purified before it is used in production of mRNA intermediate, in a cell-free system via in vitro transcription from the linearized plasmid DNA template.

The mRNA drug substance is then purified and formulated to make drug product. The mRNA vaccine and drug product can be a formulation of the mRNA embedded in a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). The LNP protects the mRNA from degradation and aids with the mRNA entering the cell through endocytosis. Once in the endosome, the mRNA vaccine molecules escape the endosome into the cytoplasm and provide a template to produce multiple copies of a viral protein.

Since its discovery in 1961, mRNA has not received much attention because of its low stability. With the gradual deepening of mRNA research and the development of in vitro transcription technologies , delivery technologies, it has become an ideal platform for disease treatment and prevention mRNA cannot create any protein other than the protein for which it is coded，does not need to enter the nucleus to be functional，compared to traditional biochemical drugs and vaccines，mRNA sequences can be altered to encode nearly any protein without significantly altering its chemical properties, allowing the drug or vaccines substance to be a modular component of the drug product,which means mRNA vaccines and drug development platforms more flexible, with shorter development cycles and lower process complexity. Many advantages demonstrate the potential of mRNA drugs and vaccine,making mRNA a promising solution for addressing future pandemics as well as other infectious diseases such as rabies, Zika, and cytomegalovirus infection. Several mRNA-based products are also in clinical pipelines for cystic fibrosis and various cancers.

T7 RNA polymerase is the core enzyme for mRNA production, and the modification of T7 RNAP is still a popular research field. Hzymes has modified and screened different mutants for T7 RNA polymerase,developed a variety of T7 RNA polymerase mutants such as low dsRNA, high temperature resistance and high transcription efficiency and corresponding reaction systems to meet the different needs of customers, and also provides a complete set of materials for mRNA synthesis and a full-process solution for mRNA synthesis based on materials to help customers in the drug and vaccine development process, and help them to obtain higher yields and integrity in the key steps of mRNA production.